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1.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 20(4): 336-344, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792715

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background The effects of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on the breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are unknown. Objectives 1) To analyze the influence of NIV on chest wall volumes and motion assessed by optoelectronic plethysmography in ALS patients and 2) to compare these parameters in the supine and sitting positions to those of healthy individuals (without NIV). Method Nine ALS patients were evaluated in the supine position using NIV. In addition, the ALS patients and nine healthy individuals were evaluated in both sitting and supine positions. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired Student t-test or Wilcoxon test and the Student t-test for independent samples or Mann-Whitney U test. Results Chest wall volume increased significantly with NIV, mean volume=0.43 (SD=0.16)L versus 0.57 (SD=0.19)L (p=0.04). No significant changes were observed for the pulmonary rib cage, abdominal rib cage, or abdominal contribution. The index of the shortening velocity of the diaphragmatic muscle, mean=0.15 (SD=0.05)L/s versus 0.21 (SD=0.05)L/s (p<0.01), and abdominal muscles, mean=0.09 (SD=0.02)L/s versus 0.14 (SD=0.06)L/s (p<0.01), increased during NIV. Comparisons between the supine and sitting positions showed similar changes in chest wall motion in both groups. However, the ALS patients presented a significantly lower contribution of the abdomen in the supine position compared with the controls, mean=56 (SD=13) versus 69 (SD=10) (p=0.02). Conclusions NIV improved chest wall volumes without changing the contribution of the chest wall compartment in ALS patients. In the supine position, ALS patients had a lower contribution of the abdomen, which may indicate early diaphragmatic dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Posture/physiology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Thoracic Wall/physiology , Noninvasive Ventilation , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Plethysmography , Biomechanical Phenomena
2.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 18(6): 544-552, 09/01/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732357

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying breathing exercises have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of four on breathing exercises (diaphragmatic breathing, inspiratory sighs, sustained maximal inspiration and intercostal exercise) the on breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion in healthy subjects. METHOD: Fifteen subjects of both sexes, aged 23±1.5 years old and with normal pulmonary function tests, participated in the study. The subjects were evaluated using the optoelectronic plethysmography system in a supine position with a trunk inclination of 45° during quiet breathing and the breathing exercises. The order of the breathing exercises was randomized. Statistical analysis was performed by the Friedman test and an ANOVA for repeated measures with one factor (breathing exercises), followed by preplanned contrasts and Bonferroni correction. A p<0.005 value was considered significant. RESULTS: All breathing exercises significantly increased the tidal volume of the chest wall (Vcw) and reduced the respiratory rate (RR) in comparison to quiet breathing. The diaphragmatic breathing exercise was responsible for the lowest Vcw, the lowest contribution of the rib cage, and the highest contribution of the abdomen. The sustained maximal inspiration exercise promoted greater reduction in RR compared to the diaphragmatic and intercostal exercises. Inspiratory sighs and intercostal exercises were responsible for the highest values of minute ventilation. Thoracoabdominal asynchrony variables increased significantly during diaphragmatic breathing. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the breathing exercises investigated in this study produced modifications in the breathing pattern (e.g., increase in tidal volume and decrease in RR) as well as in thoracoabdominal motion (e.g., increase in abdominal contribution during diaphragmatic breathing), among others. .


CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Os mecanismos envolvidos na execução dos exercícios respiratórios não foram completamente elucidados. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o impacto de quatro exercícios respiratórios(diafragmático, suspiros inspiratórios, inspiração máxima sustentada e intercostal) sobre o padrão respiratório e o movimento toracoabdominal em indivíduos saudáveis. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo15 indivíduos de ambos os sexos (23±1,5 anos com prova de função pulmonar normal). Os indivíduos foram avaliados por meio da pletismografia optoeletrônica na posição supina com inclinação de tronco de 45° durante a respiração tranquila e durante a realização dos exercícios respiratórios. A ordem dos exercícios foi randomizada. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Friedman e ANOVA para medidas repetidas com um fator (exercícios respiratórios) seguidos de contrastes pré-planejados e correção de Bonferroni, sendo p<0,005 considerado significativo. RESULTADOS: Todos os exercícios respiratórios promoveram aumento significativo do volume corrente da parede torácica (VCpt) e redução da frequência respiratória (f) quando comparados à respiração tranquila. O exercício diafragmático foi responsável pelo menor VCpt, menor contribuição da caixa torácica e maior contribuição do abdômen. A inspiração máxima sustentada promoveu redução significativamente maior da f comparada aos exercícios diafragmático e intercostal. Os exercícios suspiros inspiratórios e intercostal foram responsáveis pelos maiores valores de ventilação minuto. Os índices de assincronia toracoabdominal aumentaram significativamente ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ceruletide/therapeutic use , Cholelithiasis/therapy , Glycerides/therapeutic use , Solvents/therapeutic use , Caprylates , Cholangiography , Cholelithiasis , Drug Evaluation
3.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 18(1): 63-71, Jan-Feb/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-704630

ABSTRACT

Background: Multiple factors can influence the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the functioning of patients with COPD, such as personal characteristics and systemic manifestations. Objective: To evaluate the different factors that can influence the activity and psychosocial impact domains of the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) in COPD patients. Method: Participants, recruited in a university-based hospital, responded to the SGRQ, and in addition, personal, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models, with the SGRQ activity and psychosocial impact scores as outcome variables, and 10 explanatory variables (age, gender, forced expiratory volume in the first second - FEV1, smoking load, body mass index, oxygen therapy, associated diseases, regular physical activity, participation in a formal rehabilitation program, and SGRQ symptoms score) were considered. Results: The best regression model for predicting the SGRQ activity score (r2=0.477) included gender, FEV1, and SGRQ symptoms. In contrast, the predictive model with the highest proportion of explained variance in psychosocial impact score (r2=0.426) included the variables gender, oxygen therapy, and SGRQ symptoms. Conclusions: The results indicate that the outcomes, while based on functioning parameters in COPD patients, could be partly explained by the personal and clinical factors analyzed, especially by the symptoms assessed by the SGRQ. Thus, it appears that the health conditions of these patients cannot be described by isolated variables, including pulmonary function parameters. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 16(6): 439-453, Nov.-Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-662697

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A pletismografia optoeletrônica (POE) é um método inovador de mensuração indireta da ventilação pulmonar, capaz de avaliar ciclo a ciclo, de forma tridimensional e em tempo real, os volumes pulmonares absolutos e suas variações nos três compartimentos que compõem a parede torácica (caixa torácica pulmonar, caixa torácica abdominal e abdome). A POE permite mensurar variáveis do padrão respiratório, da assincronia respiratória, além da contribuição de cada compartimento da parede torácica e de cada hemitórax para o volume corrente. OBJETIVOS: Fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre os seguintes aspectos relacionados à POE: histórico, princípio de funcionamento, vantagens de utilização, propriedades psicométricas, variáveis mensuradas e método de análise do sistema, ressaltando informações sobre seu manuseio. Em uma segunda parte, abordar a aplicabilidade da pletismografia optoeletrônica em diferentes condições de saúde/situações, tais como: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC; efeitos agudos do exercício, reabilitação pulmonar, exercício respiratório e transplante pulmonar), asma, pacientes em terapia intensiva, doenças neuromusculares e hemiplegia. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma busca na base de dados MedLine, SciELO e Lilacs com o termo "optoelectronic plethysmography". Foram incluídos 43 estudos. CONCLUSÃO: Tendo por base a literatura revisada, a POE mostrou-se um instrumento de avaliação respiratória capaz de fornecer informações sobre parâmetros ventilatórios de indivíduos saudáveis e com disfunções em diferentes posições, situações e ambientes. Foram apresentados os principais resultados dos estudos em que a POE foi usada em indivíduos que apresentavam DPOC representando o maior corpo de conhecimento até o momento, assim como em alguma outra condição de saúde.


BACKGROUND: Optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) is an innovative method of indirect measurement of pulmonary ventilation, capable of breath-by-breath, three-dimensional, real time assessment of absolute lung volumes and their variations in the three compartments of the chest wall (pulmonary rib cage, abdominal rib cage, and abdomen). OEP allows the measurement of variables of breathing pattern, breathing asynchrony, and contribution of each chest wall compartment and hemithorax to the tidal volume. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature on the following aspects related to OEP: history, operating principle, advantages, psychometric properties, variables, and method of system analysis, highlighting information about its handling. In a second part, the objective is to analyze the applicability of OEP in different health conditions/situations such as: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; acute effects of exercise, pulmonary rehabilitation, breathing exercise, and lung transplantation), asthma, patients in intensive care, neuromuscular diseases, and stroke. METHOD: A search was performed in MedLine, SciELO and Lilacs with the term "optoelectronic plethysmography". Forty-three papers were included. CONCLUSION: Based on the literature reviewed, OEP has been shown to be an assessment tool that can provide information about ventilatory parameters in healthy subjects and subjects with various dysfunctions in different positions, situations, and settings. The main results of studies on OEP in COPD are shown, representing the largest body of knowledge to date. The results of studies on OEP in other health conditions are also shown.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Diseases/physiopathology , Plethysmography , Respiratory Mechanics , Respiration
5.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 14(5): 411-416, Sept.-Oct. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570721

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever o padrão respiratório e o movimento toracoabdominal de indivíduos saudáveis considerando a idade e o sexo. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 104 indivíduos com idades entre 20-39, 40-59 e 60-80 anos, 41 homens e 63 mulheres, com índice de massa corporal e valores espirométricos normais. A pletismografia respiratória por indutância foi utilizada para mensurar, durante o repouso e em decúbito dorsal, as seguintes variáveis: volume corrente (Vc), frequência respiratória (f), ventilação minuto (VE), razão entre o tempo inspiratório e o tempo total do ciclo respiratório (Ti/Ttot) e fluxo inspiratório médio (Vc/Ti), deslocamento da caixa torácica ( por centoCT), relação de fase inspiratória (PhRIB), relação de fase expiratória (PhREB) e ângulo de fase (AngFase). As comparações entre as faixas etárias foram realizadas por meio da ANOVA one-way ou Kruskal-Wallis H, comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas por meio dos testes t de Student para amostras independentes ou Mann-Withney U, de acordo com a distribuição dos dados, considerando significativo p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre os sexos, mulheres apresentaram valores significativamente menores em relação aos homens nas variáveis Vc, VE e Ti/Ttot nas faixas etárias de 20 a 39 e de 60 a 80 anos, sem nenhuma diferença na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos. Na comparação entre as faixas etárias, indivíduos com 60 a 80 anos apresentaram PhRIB e AngFase significativamente maiores em relação aos adultos entre 20 e 39 anos, sem diferenças significativas nas variáveis do padrão respiratório. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados encontrados sugerem influência do sexo sobre o padrão respiratório e da idade sobre o movimento toracoabdominal.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion of healthy individuals, taking age and sex into consideration. METHODS: The study included 104 individuals aged 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 to 80 years (41 males and 63 females), with normal body mass index and spirometric values. Participants were evaluated at rest in the supine position, by means of respiratory inductive plethysmography. The following variables were measured: tidal volume (Vt), respiratory frequency (f), minute ventilation (VE), inspiratory duty cycle (Ti/Ttot), mean inspiratory flow (Vt/Ti), rib cage motion ( percentRC), inspiratory phase relation (PhRIB), expiratory phase relation (PhREB), and phase angle (PhaseAng). Comparisons between the age groups were performed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H, while comparisons between the sexes were performed using Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney U test, depending on the data distribution; p<0.05 was taken to be significant. RESULTS: Comparison between the sexes showed that, in the age groups 20 to 39 and 60 to 80 years, women presented significantly lower values for Vt, VE, and Ti/Ttot than men, and there was no significant difference in the age group 40 to 59 years. Comparisons between the age groups showed that participants aged 60 to 80 presented significantly greater PhRIB and PhaseAng than participants aged 20 to 39 years, without significant differences in the breathing pattern. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that breathing pattern is influenced by sex whereas thoracoabdominal motion is influenced by age.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Abdomen/physiology , Movement/physiology , Respiration , Thorax/physiology , Age Factors , Sex Factors
6.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 85(5): 443-448, set.-out. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530122

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência das posições prona e supina em recém-nascidos prematuros pós-síndrome do desconforto respiratório, respirando espontaneamente e em estado de sono ativo, sobre variáveis de padrão respiratório, movimento toracoabdominal e saturação periférica da hemoglobina pelo oxigênio. MÉTODOS: Estudo quase experimental. Doze prematuros com peso > 1.000 g no momento do estudo foram estudados nas duas posições, em ordem randomizada. A pletismografia respiratória por indutância foi utilizada para avaliação do padrão respiratório (volume corrente, frequência respiratória, ventilação minuto, fluxo inspiratório médio) e do movimento toracoabdominal (índice de trabalho respiratório, relação de fase inspiratória, relação de fase expiratória, relação de fase respiratória total e ângulo de fase). A oximetria de pulso registrou a saturação periférica de oxigênio. Para a análise estatística foram realizados os testes t de Student para amostras pareadas ou Wilcoxon. Foi considerado significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 9.167 ciclos respiratórios. Na posição prona, houve redução significativa do índice de trabalho respiratório (-0,84±0,69; p = 0,001; IC95 por cento -1,29 a -0,40), das relações de fase inspiratória (-27,36±17,55; p = 0,000; IC95 por cento -38,51 a -16,20), expiratória (-32,36±16,20; p = 0,000; IC95 por cento -42,65 a -22,06) e total (-30,20±14,76; p = 0,000; IC95 por cento -39,59 a -20,82). Não houve diferença significativa entre as posições nas demais variáveis analisadas. CONCLUSÃO: A posição prona promoveu diminuição significativa da assincronia toracoabdominal, sem influenciar o padrão respiratório e a saturação periférica de oxigênio.


OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of prone and supine positions on breathing pattern variables, thoracoabdominal motion and peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin of premature newborn infants recovering from respiratory distress syndrome, while breathing spontaneously and in rapid eye movement sleep. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study. Twelve preterms weighing > 1,000 g at enrollment were studied in both positions, in random order. Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used to analyze breathing pattern (tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, mean inspiratory flow) and thoracoabdominal motion (labored breathing index, phase relation in inspiration, phase relation in expiration, phase relation in total breath and phase angle). Pulse oximetry was used to evaluate peripheral oxygen saturation. Student's t test for paired samples or the Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 9,167 respiratory cycles were analyzed. The prone position was associated with significant reductions in labored breathing index (-0.84±0.69; p = 0.001; 95 percentCI -1.29 to -0.40), phase relation in inspiration (-27.36±17.55; p = 0.000; 95 percentCI -38.51 to -16.20), phase relation in expiration (-32.36±16.20; p = 0.000; 95 percentCI -42.65 to -22.06) and phase relation in total breath (-30.20±14.76; p = 0.000; 95 percentCI -39.59 to -20.82). There were no significant differences between the two positions in any of the other variables analyzed. CONCLUSION: The prone position resulted in a significant reduction in thoracoabdominal asynchrony, without affecting breathing pattern or peripheral oxygen saturation.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Abdominal Muscles/physiology , Posture/physiology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Infant, Premature , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Prone Position/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Supine Position/physiology
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